Integrand size = 19, antiderivative size = 74 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {a-2 \sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}}{\sqrt {3} a}\right )}{a^2}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a+\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2} \]
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Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.211, Rules used = {60, 631, 210, 31} \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {a-2 \sqrt [3]{b^3 x-a^3}}{\sqrt {3} a}\right )}{a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b^3 x-a^3}+a\right )}{2 a^2} \]
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Rule 31
Rule 60
Rule 210
Rule 631
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+x} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a^2-a x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )}{2 a} \\ & = -\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a+\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}}{a}\right )}{a^2} \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt {3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}}{a}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{a^2}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a+\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 102, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.38 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {a-2 \sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}}{\sqrt {3} a}\right )-2 \log \left (a+\sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}\right )+\log \left (a^2-a \sqrt [3]{-a^3+b^3 x}+\left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}\right )}{2 a^2} \]
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.24
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -2 \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )+2 \ln \left (a +\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )-\ln \left (a^{2}-a \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 a^{2}}\) | \(92\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\ln \left (a +\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {-\frac {\ln \left (a^{2}-a \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (-a +2 \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )}{a^{2}}\) | \(95\) |
default | \(\frac {\ln \left (a +\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {-\frac {\ln \left (a^{2}-a \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (-a +2 \left (b^{3} x -a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )}{a^{2}}\) | \(95\) |
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Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 95, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.28 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {3} a - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{3 \, a}\right ) - \log \left (a^{2} - {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) + 2 \, \log \left (a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 2.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 134, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.81 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=- \frac {e^{- \frac {i \pi }{3}} \log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{\frac {i \pi }{3}}}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} + \frac {\log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{i \pi }}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} - \frac {e^{\frac {i \pi }{3}} \log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{\frac {5 i \pi }{3}}}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} \]
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 93, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.26 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (a - 2 \, {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, a}\right )}{a^{2}} - \frac {\log \left (a^{2} - {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\log \left (a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}} \]
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Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 94, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.27 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (a - 2 \, {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, a}\right )}{a^{2}} - \frac {\log \left (a^{2} - {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\log \left ({\left | a + {\left (b^{3} x - a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{a^{2}} \]
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Time = 0.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 107, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.45 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-a^3+b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (9\,a+9\,{\left (b^3\,x-a^3\right )}^{1/3}\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\ln \left (9\,{\left (b^3\,x-a^3\right )}^{1/3}+\frac {9\,a\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2\,a^2}-\frac {\ln \left (9\,{\left (b^3\,x-a^3\right )}^{1/3}-\frac {9\,a\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2\,a^2} \]
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